SPSS Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SPSS - Statistics Project Example The understudies could ONLY investigation in the earth to which they were allocated during the examination time frame. Toward the finish of the 7-week research period, mid-term GPA was figured for every understudy. A change score was registered for every understudy: every understudies spring midterm GPA was deducted from their GPA for the former fall semester. The thing that matters was every understudies GPA Improvement score. The GPA improvement score was utilized to gauge scholarly execution. Utilizing the SPSS 2 Ãâ€"3 ANOVA information record for Module 4 (situated in Topic Materials), answer the accompanying inquiries. NOTE: Helpful clues are given here to you to utilize while addressing these inquiries. There is no different answer sheet/manual for use while doing this task. At that point two†way between subjects ANOVA is utilized to dissect the consequences of a between subjects factorial plan with two free (factors). The two†way ANOVA tests three speculations: the primary impacts for every one of the two variables and the association impact b. What do the aftereffects of the Tests of Between-Subjects Effects let you know? Was there a huge principle impact of Environment on GPA improvement? Was there a huge principle impact of Sex on GPA improvement? Was there a huge collaboration impact of Environment X Sex on GPA improvement? Report the outcomes for every one of these inquiries giving the real F-worth and p esteem utilizing the accompanying organization: F(df1, df2) = 0.785____, p = .__000_ or if the p is appeared as .000, compose it as p c. Use estimated time of arrival squared to give impact size/extent of fluctuation accounted related with every F-esteem. On the off chance that the F-esteem for a principle impact as well as for a connection impact is measurably noteworthy, what is the estimated time of arrival squared (ï  ¨2) esteem related with that result? Report estimated time of arrival squared, ï  ¨2; overlook halfway estimated time of arrival squared that SPSS can give. You have

How to Draft a Lesson Plan in 6 Steps

The most effective method to Draft a Lesson Plan in 6 Steps Before understudies plan an exercise, they have to initially recognize the learning targets for the class meeting for which they are arranging, so they can structure successful learning exercises and make systems for achieving these destinations. For those examining instruction, figuring out how to compose an exercise plan is an essential ability since it will fill in as a roadmapâ for what their future understudies should get the hang of during class time. Step by step instructions to SAVE MONEY IN COLLEGE Before they plan an exercise, the understudies need to initially recognize the learning goals for the class meeting for which they are arranging, so they can structure compelling learning exercises and make methodologies for achieving these targets. Beneath you will discover 6 stages to follow on the off chance that you need to compose an effective exercise plan. Stage 1 Diagram the destinations. This assists with figuring out what the understudies need to learn or achieve before the finish of class. Addressing these inquiries decides a teacher’s targets: What is the subject of the exercise? Would could it be that I need understudies to comprehend or have the option to do before the finish of the class? What do the understudies need to gain from this exercise? What are the most significant ideas, thoughts, and aptitudes the understudies need to get a handle on and apply? Stage 2 Build up an intriguing presentation. On the off chance that conceivable, start with an inquiry or movement to draw in the students’ consideration, on the grounds that an inventive presentation can animate their psyches and support thinking. An assortment of approaches can be utilized to achieve this: an individual account, verifiable occasion, provocative problem, a true model, short video cuts, a testing question, and so forth. One making a prologue to an exercise plan might need to think about these inquiries: Is there an approach to check if understudies know about the theme? What could be these assumptions about this topic?â How might I present this point? Stage 3 Plan learning exercises. There are a few different ways of passing on topic and showing a thing or two to understudies â€, for example, utilizing genuine models, analogies, and positively visuals. As these exercises are being arranged, one should appraise how much time they should spend on every action with the goal that each target will be practiced. Additionally, it assists with working in additional time on the off chance that a clarification or conversation is required. The accompanying inquiries will assist one with figuring out which exercises are best for their exercise: By what means can I most successfully clarify the topic?â What are the most innovative, successful ways for me to best pass on the point to my understudies? In what manner can this theme be engaging?â What can be joined into the exercise to support the understudies? What do the understudies need to never really get a handle on the subject? Stage 4 Decide how to check for comprehension †to check whether the understudies realized what the exercise set out to educate. Creating explicit inquiries, also foreseeing the proper reactions to them, either orally or recorded as a hard copy, is a viable method to affirm students’ understanding. Stage 5 Build up a decision and a review. A successful end ought to sum up the focuses shrouded in class and furthermore see what will be canvassed in the following exercise †possibly clarifying how this exercise identifies with the following. Stage 6 Make a sensible timetable. Gauge how much time every action will take, and plan additional time for each. Likewise, plan only a couple of moments toward the finish of theâ class to go over revealed focuses or themes that might not have been comprehended by the understudies. Summarize the key focuses. Arranging YOUR RESEARCH PROJECT In the event that you study training and need to draft an arrangement for an exercise the above data will be very helpful to peruse and follow. In the event that you lack the capacity to deal with composing a very much organized exercise plan you may illuminate us about your task or put in a request on our site.

Nutraceuticals International Essay Example for Free

Nutraceuticals International Essay 1. â€Å"Beetroot juice ‘can beat blood pressure’. † Nutraceuticals International 13. 2 (Feb 2008). Synopsis/Critique Medications for hypertension can add up to a great deal of cash every year. This is the motivation behind why numerous specialists are attempting to take a gander at less expensive options in delivering meds that could mitigate the upsurge of this feared ailment. Less expensive meds can arrive in a type of home grown cures. In this report showed up in a magazine Nurtaceuticals International (Feb.2008), it has been uncovered that British scientists at Barts and The London School of Medicine found another method of imperatively lessening the circulatory strain of hypertension patients. By taking 500ml of beetroot squeeze every, they may get an opportunity of being relieved of their hypertension. The gathering of specialists, drove by Amrita Ahluwalia and Ben Benjamin, recognized that it is the â€Å"ingestion of dietary nitrate contained inside beetroot juice† that works. The impact can likewise be seen when individuals are eating green, verdant vegetables that eventually brings about diminished circulatory strain. In light of the cancer prevention agent nutrient substance of vegetable-rich eating routine individuals can be secured against coronary illness. This article is instructive in light of the fact that perusers can gain proficiency with the significance of having great eating regimen can assist everybody with having a more beneficial life. Likewise, this article could energize more specialists in attempting to discover elective methods of helping individuals with hypertension. Full Text Article: â€Å"Beetroot juice ‘can beat blood pressure’. † Nutraceuticals International 13. 2 (Feb 2008). Scientists at Barts and The London School of Medicine in the UK have found that drinking only 500ml of beetroot squeeze a day can fundamentally lessen circulatory strain. The investigation, distributed on-line on February 5 in the American Heart Associations diary Hypertension, could have significant ramifications for the treatment of cardiovascular malady. Lead by Amrita Ahluwalia, educator at the William Harvey Research Institute at Barts and The London School of Medicine, and Ben Benjamin, teacher at Peninsula Medical School, USA, the exploration uncovers that it is the ingestion of dietary nitrate contained inside beetroot juice and correspondingly in green, verdant vegetables which results at last in diminished circulatory strain. Beforehand, the defensive impacts of vegetable-rich weight control plans had been credited to their cancer prevention agent nutrient substance. Viable one hour post ingestion Prof Ahluwalia and her group found that, in sound volunteers, circulatory strain was diminished inside only one hour of ingesting beetroot juice, with a pinnacle drop happening three-four hours after ingestion. Some level of decrease kept on being seen until as long as 24 hours after utilization. Specialists demonstrated that the abatement in pulse was because of the concoction development of nitrite from the dietary nitrate in the juice. The nitrate in the juice is changed over in spit by microorganisms on the tongue into nitrite. This nitrite-containing spit is gulped and, in the acidic condition of the stomach is either changed over into nitric oxide or reenters the course as nitrite. The pinnacle time of decrease in circulatory strain connected with the appearance and pinnacle levels of nitrite in the course, an impact that was missing in a second gathering of volunteers who ceased from gulping their salivation during, and three hours following, beetroot ingestion. Over 25% of the universes grown-up populace are hypertensive, and it has been assessed that this figure will increment to 29% by 2025. Also, hypertension causes around half of coronary illness, and roughly 75% of strokes. In showing that nitrate is probably going to underlie the cardio-defensive impact of a vegetable-rich eating regimen, the examination of Prof Ahluwalia and her associates features the capability of a characteristic, ease approach for the treatment of cardiovascular malady a condition that executes more than 110,000 individuals in England alone consistently. Prof Ahluwalia finished up: our examination proposes that drinking beetroot squeeze, or devouring other nitrate-rich vegetables, may be a basic method to keep up a solid cardiovascular framework, and may likewise be an extra methodology that one could take in the current fight against rising circulatory strain. 2. Zoler, Mitchel L. â€Å"Hypertension duplicates female sexual brokenness pervasiveness. † Family Practice News 36. 20 (Oct 15, 2006): 14. Outline Critique: We just realize that hypertension influences the circulatory arrangement of the human body. Notwithstanding, in this article by Mitchel Zoler (2006), it has been discovered that hypertensive ladies have twofold the danger of having sexual brokenness than ladies with typical circulatory strain. This recommendation came after researchers have directed an investigation of 417 ladies. As Dr. Michael Doumas detailed in the yearly gathering of the American Society of Hypertension, â€Å"women with controlled hypertension had an altogether lower pervasiveness of sexual brokenness than did ladies whose hypertension neglected to arrive at objective levels during treatment† (Zoler, 2006). In this specific examination, all ladies were entrusted to finish a â€Å"19-question structure that has been approved as an approach to assess sexual function†. The inquiries managed a few spaces of female sexual capacity: want, excitement, oil, climax, fulfillment, and torment. The review discovered that among the ladies with hypertension, â€Å"42% had scores demonstrating sexual dysfunction†, which is far in measurably noteworthy when contrasted and â€Å"19% among the normotensives†. Looking on how the scientists come to this end result can be dicey in light of the fact that they simply put together it with respect to an overview, which can be a consequence of numerous different factors other than hypertension. However, this perception ought not be taken smugly in light of the fact that hypertension is a typical infection in the United States and its connect to conceptive brokenness in ladies ought to be built up with the goal that specialists will realize how to mitigate the intensifying issue of hypertension. Full Text Article: Zoler, Mitchel L. â€Å"Hypertension pairs female sexual brokenness predominance. † Family Practice News 36. 20 (Oct 15, 2006): 14. NEW YORK Women with hypertension were twice as prone to have sexual brokenness as normotensive ladies were, in an investigation of 417 ladies. The outcomes likewise indicated that ladies with controlled hypertension had an essentially lower pervasiveness of sexual brokenness than did ladies whose hypertension neglected to arrive at objective levels during treatment, Dr. Michael Doumas detailed at the yearly gathering of the American Society of Hypertension. In any case, a third finding was that ladies who were treated with antihypertensive medications had a higher predominance of sexual brokenness than did untreated ladies. Dr.Doumas theorized this was brought about by the impacts of certain antihypertensive medications, for example, diuretics and [beta]-blockers. Treatment with other medication types, the angiotensin-receptor blockers and angiotensin-changing over chemical inhibitors, seemed to lessen sexual brokenness, he said. We have to treat hypertension in light of its impact on unfavorable heart results. In any case, there is an insight that we can bring down circulatory strain with certain medications and furthermore effectsly affect female sexual capacity, said Dr. Doumas, a doctor in the division of inward medication at the Hospital of Alexandroupolis in Athens. The examination enlisted 216 ladies with hypertension and 201 normotensive ladies. Their normal age in general was around 48, and all were explicitly dynamic. The ladies finished a 19-question structure that has been approved as an approach to assess sexual capacity. The inquiries managed a few areas of female sexual capacity: want, excitement, grease, climax, fulfillment, and agony. Among the ladies with hypertension, 42% had scores showing sexual brokenness, contrasted and 19% among the normotensives, which was a measurably critical distinction. The pervasiveness of sexual brokenness expanded fundamentally with the length of hypertension. Among ladies who had been hypertensive for less than 3 years, 16% had a score demonstrating sexual brokenness; the rate increased to 33% among ladies with hypertension for 3-6 years and 79% among ladies with hypertension for over 6 years. Age additionally indicated a huge communication with commonness. Among ladies matured 31-40 years, the pervasiveness of brokenness was 21%; the rate increased to 38% among ladies matured 41-50 and to 57% among ladies who were more seasoned than 50 years. The predominance of sexual brokenness was 48% among ladies rewarded for hypertension, contrasted and 33% among the untreated hypertensives, a huge distinction. The normal age was 48 years in the two gatherings. Be that as it may, the predominance was lower still among the hypertensive ladies who had their weight constrained by treatment. With control characterized as a weight of under 140/90 mm Hg, the predominance of sexual brokenness in ladies with controlled hypertension was 27%, fundamentally not exactly the 51% of ladies with uncontrolled hypertension who had brokenness. Its not yet realized how antihypertensive medications apply contrasting consequences for sexual capacity. All in all, sedates that cause vasodilation seem to improve sexual brokenness, Dr. Doumas said. 3. â€Å"Liver connected to lethal sickness. † USA Today (Magazine) 135. 2737 (Oct 2006): 10. The liver is significant in the human body since it produces numerous catalysts that guide the assimilation of our food admission. This is the reason it tends to be disturbing to have liver issue since it can influence our framework from processing food. For instance, in the United States, numerous individuals devour an inordinate measure of protein. The digestion of overabundance protein, particularly creature protein, can place a strain on the liver and kidneys in fats incorporate dairy items, vegetable oils, and red meat. In this report from USA Today, it was discovered that liver issue may trigger

Descriptive essay: Harry Potter Essay

The delicate white rug that extends all through the house stops, at the entryway of the room. The chocolate earthy colored and finished, wooden floor replaces the rug. The room is encircled by earth tone hued dividers giving it a vibe of nature. On the dividers are particularly planned embellishment outlines that present a sleek proclamation. Bottomless normal light radiates through wooden blinds of the window which is situated on the left half of the room. The full estimated bed is against the divider and has botanical sheets, soft pads, and example plans that supplement the subject of the room. The work area close to the bed is jumbled with pieces of paper, exercise manuals, and erasers scraps. Pencils, pens, and markers are perfectly positioned in a purple pencil box at the left corner of the work area. Two feet from the work area stands a tall implicit storeroom that is six feet from the foot of the bed. Over the storeroom is the divider that has a whole segment filled almost many arrangements of caught recollections. There is a brief smell of an assortment of various aromas bought at Bath and Body Works. The aromas and salves are arranged on the shelf. The main line of the shelf has a music player and two picture edges of loved ones. The subsequent line is piles of school course readings beginning with Pre-Calculus to AP Psychology and closure with SAT exercise manuals. The last column has boxes loaded up with old photographs, brilliant paper, and an old, corroded heap of old school assignments. Close to the rack is an old stepping stool that juts from the divider contiguous the console. Frill like rings, accessories, and wristbands are either hanged or set cautiously on the stepping stool. The dark and dim console remains close to the stepping stool and has a collection of cleans lying on the outside of the white and dark keys. The top heap of garments contact the correct side of the console and the garments, are stacked on the comfortable white sofa standing by to be washed. The white sofa sits inertly against the divider, and a taller white shelf is close to it. The main column of the shelf has various collections with sorts like nation, pop, and exciting music holding up. The following three columns has books in a course of action of books beginning with youth top picks, advancing to part books, and an assortment of various arrangement of books like Harry Potter, right to The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. The last line comprises of vivid and inventively planned scrapbooks and yearbooks. This tall rack is additionally the rack close to the entryway, and parts of the bargains the customized room.

Shakespeare’s Henry V Minor Characters

Christina Priester Amy Smith Eng 205 10/15/12 The primary characters in Shakespeare's Henry V are uncommonly convincing. From the earliest starting point of the play, the greater part of the center is coordinated to communications between King Henry and other sovereignty or individuals of status and importance. Almost no consideration is centered around the minor characters, the workers the Hostess, the Boy, and the officers Bardolf, Nym, and Pistol. Despite the fact that these characters have just little parts in the play, they are basic. They take the spotlight for a second, briefly redirecting our consideration from the King and his political responsibilities.Each of them contribute fundamental foundation data, their assessment of King Henry, and the fighter's point of view of the up and coming fight, The principal demonstration of the play is centered around the intrigue between the pioneers of the Church and King Henry settling on the choice to do battle with France. While the e ntirety of the political data is required for the plot, it is very thick, and some of it is difficult to overcome. There is some help in Act II of the play, when the Hostess, the Boy, Bardolf, Nym, and Pistol are introduced.There is some funniness in the trades between the officers. For instance, Bardolph to Nym: â€Å"What, are Ancient Pistol and you companions yet? † Nym answers, and Bardolph to Nym: â€Å"I will give a morning meal to make you companions and we'll every one of the three be sworn siblings to France. † This is obviously a snide prodding comment to Nym, with the recommendation these two circumstances will never occur. The scene becomes dismal when the Boy enters, advising them regarding Falstaff's sickness. Falstaff is genuinely sick, and in scene three of Act II, we discover that Falstaff has passed on.The fighters lament for their lost companion, however the Hostess has the most grounded passionate response. She was thinking about him at his bedside when he died. Falstaff was an indispensable character in the former play, King Henry IV. He and different warriors were companions of Henry before he became King. The fellowship among Henry and Falstaff finished cruelly. The Hostess, alongside the warriors believe Falstaff's disease is partially brought about by Henry's unforgiving treatment of Falstaff. In the entry by the Hostess, soon after the Boy enters, she says something â€Å"The King has executed his heart. After Nym and Pistol settle their squabble, the Hostess advises the men to visit Falstaff, and Nym remarks â€Å"The King hath run awful gossipy tidbits on the knight, that is the even of it. † Although they hold the King incompletely to fault for Falstaff becoming sick, they despite everything appear to hold King Henry in high respect. Nym says something to Pistol â€Å"The King is a decent King, however it must be as it might, he passes a few humors and vocations. † The translation of this expression is that in spite of the fact that the King is acceptable, he despite everything has peculiarities and flaws of his own.Pistol communicates his assessment of King Henry in Act IV, just before fight when Henry, masked as a volunteer officer connects with Pistol in a discussion. He discloses to Henry he thinks the King is a fine individual, with an endearing personality, was raised well by his folks. He proceeds to declare he love and devotion to King Henry. Gun is unconscious he is addressing the King himself. He shows hatred for the hidden King when he gets some answers concerning Henry's connection to Fluellen, the Captain that arranged the execution of Bardolph.King Henry is resolved about the execution of Bardolph in Act III when he is found taking a heavenly relic from a French church. Henry gives his thinking that Bardolph ought to be so rebuffed â€Å"We would have every single such guilty party cut off. What's more, we give express charge that, in our walks through the nation, t here be nothing constrained from the towns, not all that much, however paid for, none of the French berated or mishandled in derisive language; for when lenity and savagery play for a realm, the gentler gamester is the soonest victor. This entry is essentially saying he needs to make a case of Bardolph as a notice to his fighters to be conscious and not have the towns in France plundered or the residents threatened, or they should confront the outcomes of their activities. He likewise feels that the French detainees should confront the ramifications for the killing of the Boys, and requests their throats to be cut. His annoyance powers this choice since he needs equity for the young men that were slaughtered.At the finish of fight, Henry conveys the Boy, demonstrating his distress for the loss of these youngsters. By and large, King Henry is seen by his fighters as great and just, yet firm with his discipline of his subjects. Without the minor characters, our judgment of the King mi ght be brutally slanted. They are additionally the main connection in this play between the King and Falstaff. The minor characters edify our comprehension of the King, give us some foundation data, and work well for their motivation.

Row, row, row your boat

Row, row, row your boat I always seem to know I’m back at MIT when I can vaguely hear my alarm go off at 6am. A lot of people seem to think I’m crazy for waking up what seems ridiculously early for MIT students to go and exercise for 2 hours in rain or shine (or the occasional snowstorm), but I wouldn’t have it any other way. The home of MIT rowing is the Pierce Boathouse, across the street from Burton-Conner (not to be confused with the Sailing Pavilion further down Memorial Drive). Photo Credit: DSPics I tend to think of the boathouse as kind of a second home. It’s where half my clothes are kept, where I spend 2-3 hours every morning and some afternoons, of course, where I row. Photo Credit: DSPics Photo Credit: Aaron Benson, MIT Womens Openweight Novice Coach Playing sports has been part of my life for as long as I can remember. My first team sport was pee-wee soccer in kindergarten at the ripe old age of 4 and since then I have played seven competitive sports. In my three years of American high school, sports were my main extracurricular activity. I discovered rowing my freshman year of high school and my sophomore year, I amazingly found a crew team in the middle of Colorado. Prior to crew, I never thought I could play a varsity sport in college. I was always decent, but never top of the pack. Crew was a sport unlike any other I had done and I fell in love. Ironically, I think I am one of the only people from my high school to be playing a Division I sport (though most teams at MIT are Division III). Playing a varsity sport at MIT isn’t unusual. The statistic I most often hear is that 20% of MIT students play a varsity sport. The unique thing about MIT is that it is a very supportive environment for athletes. Most teams practice from 5-7pm, the “activities period”, a time when there are no undergraduate courses or labs, and professors and TAs are great about scheduling office hours around the needs of athletes, and working with you if you have to miss an exam due to a game, race or tournament. Even if you have never played a particular sport before (or any sport at all), there can be a place for you. For some more well-known sports, such as soccer, basketball, football etc., if you have never played before, your chances of making the team may be slim. But others are very accommodating of newcomers. For sports such as rowing, rifle and sailing, many people do not start until college. In rowing, for example, the size of the boats is prohibitive to people starting before high school and many members of the US National and Olympic teams did not learn to row until they entered university. Even if you think you are not athletic enough, or are too small, you could always be a coxswain (basically the captain and leader of the boat) for one of the crew teams. Rowing has definitely shaped my MIT experience. I have better time management and more discipline because I know my team depends on me to be at my best each day at practice. The girls on my team are some of my best friends and I know they will be there for me no matter what. Although being on crew means I have kind of a unique schedule for an MIT student (I generally go to bed at 11pm and wake up at 6am), I wouldn’t change my experience for the world. I love being part of a team, and getting out on the water every morning helps me de-stress (and you get a great view of Boston from the river). Photo Credit: Tony Kilbridge, MIT Director of Rowing and Mens Heavyweight Crew Coach

Non-Traditionally Tragic Mulattas Defying Notions of Denial and Self-Hate - Literature Essay Samples

Inheriting the vices of both the black and white race, traditionally tragic mulatto characters have been comfortably depicted in much of abolitionist literature as intricately, and inextricably, conflicted individuals; miserable and without race â€Å"worshipping the whites and despised by them†¦ despising and despised by Negroes.† Fundamentally defying stereotypical notions of self hatred and denial are the Mulatta characters Cassie and Iola. For while both characters do to a degree display a capacity to be analyzed through the conventional tragic Mulatta literary lens, both, to a higher degree, dramatize the eradication of the bulwark that is self-hatred and consequent denial—clearing the way for self-actualization, and subsequent liberation. The Stereotypical Mulatta, craving nothing more than to find a white lover and then go down, accompanied by slow anguished music, to a tragic end, is defied, most literally, by Iola Leroy. Raised white, Iola cultivates a pro-slavery attitude. One that is quickly overturned post the crude and sudden manner through which the truth of her heritage is exposed. Immediately after having been thrown into slavery, the complicated relationship between the notions of biology and culture surface, Iola ultimately not only accepts and embraces her black heritage but, more importantly (or rather, most defiantly) manifests this embracement by marrying , not the white Dr. Gresham, but rather the mulatto Latimer. In an instance in which the â€Å"tragic† nature of the traditionally tragic Mulatta should have surfaced, one finds Iola Leroy’s character anything but homogenized. For, while she later in the novel is hesitant in revealing her black identity to employers she not only later does reveal it, she genuinely does identify as black, and is unwilling to live under a shadow of concealment, â€Å"which I thoroughly hate as if the blood in my veins were an undetected crime of my soul.† This ex emplifies the very things that aid in the direct refutation of feelings of self-hate and self-despise. For, while the traditionally depicted literary Mulatta would have illustrated to her audience the many altogether contrary elements of things like fear, rejection, elitism, blame, and shame swarming deep inside her, Iola does not. Her conviction is palpable; she publically asserts herself as black and devotes her life to the empowering of the black community through education and subsequent political activism. Supplementing the illustration of the defiance of traditional portrayals of tragic Mulattas is Iola’s role as a teacher. It is this role that proves to be an integral part of black resistance as well as an integral supplement reifying Iola’s black identity. Education encouraged a better class of blacks, and challenged racial stereotypes. And yet, a problem surfaced. For, â€Å"while the insistence of a ‘better class of blacks’ challenged racial ste reotypes, it also helped promote them by characterizing the masses as degenerates whose salvation depended on the more privileged,† i.e. a person of a uniquely privileged background like Iola . Mulatto teacher characters exemplified the cultural conflict between black middle-class leaders and the black masses. Mulattos dramatized, because of their resemblance to whites, the potential to abandon black social causes and ‘pass’ as white. Iola does not do this. Iola does not ‘pass’ as white. Iola transcends her victimization as a slave, and is endowed with the strength and conviction that allows her to powerfully affirm her black roots—transcending the traditional self-hate of the Tragic Mulatta character and opening the path toward self-realization. Seemingly antithetical to Iola is Stowe’s complex Cassie; a slave of mixed race who falls from privilege to degradation and despair. Primarily characterized through a stereotypically literary Mu latta lens, Cassie admits to at first wanting only one thing: â€Å"I wanted him to marry me.† Irrevocably in tune with traditional depictions of tragic Mulattas and irrevocably in love Cassie devotes herself to her seemingly sincere white suitor only to experience rejection, betrayal, and the selling of her children. And thus the juncture at which Cassie ceases to be the traditionally tragic Mulatta is marked. Cassie outraged and crazed strikes back with dangerous resistance; becoming, in her own way, a political character. â€Å"Cassie’s reaction can be seen as a transformation of the conventionally internalized and self-destructive madness of the literary Mulatta.† Her insolence becomes a form of protest. The form in which her story is told, furthermore exemplifies her role as a political figure. She tells her story. She is her own narrator. She is the focus of an entire chapter. Reinforcing a deep connection between her role as a political agitator. The literary portrayals of the characters of Iola and Cassie are incongruous with clichà © depictions of tragic Mulattas. For both characters represent a drive that thirsts for autonomy and liberation. And while each of their stories is tragic, neither is the stereotypically submissive tragic Mulatta. Both are heroines. BibliographyBrown, Sterling A. ―Negro Character as Seen by White Authors.â€â€" The Journal of Negro Education 2, no. 2 (April 1933): 179–203 Harper, Frances E. W. Iola Leroy, or Shadows Uplifted, 2d ed. Philadelphia: Garrigues, 1893. Reprint, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Jackson, Cassandra. Barriers Between Us: Interracial Sex in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004. Raimon, Eve A. The â€Å"Tragic Mulatta† Revisited: Race and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Antislavery Fiction. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2004. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Uncle Tom’s Cabin. New York: Pock et Books, 2004.

Reading Comprehension for Beginners - My Office

Read the paragraph which describes my office. Pay special attention to the use of prepositions in the reading selection. Youll find useful vocabulary and quizzes below to test your understanding.   My Office Like most offices, my office is a place where I can concentrate on my work and feel comfortable at the same time. Of course, I have all the necessary equipment on my desk. I have the telephone next to the fax machine on the right side of my desk. My computer is in the center of my desk with the monitor directly in front of me. I have a comfortable office chair to sit on and some pictures of my family between the computer and the telephone. In order to help me read, I also have a lamp near my computer which I use in the evening if I work late. There is plenty of paper in one of the cabinet drawers. There are also staples and a stapler, paper clips, highlighters, pens and erasers in the other drawer. I like to use highlighters to remember important information. In the room, there is a comfortable armchair and a sofa to sit on. I also have a low table in front of the sofa on which there are some industry magazines. Useful Vocabulary armchair - a comfortable, padded chair that has arms on which to rest your armscabinet - a piece of furniture that holds objectsdesk - a piece of furniture on which you write or use your computer, fax, etc.drawer - a space which opens for you to store things inequipment - items used to complete tasksfurniture - a word referring to all the places to sit, work, store things, etc.highlighter - a bright pen with a thick tip which is usually green or bright yellowlaptop - a computer you can carry with youpaperclip - a metal clip that holds pieces of paper togetherstapler - a piece of equipment used to staple papers together Multiple-Choice Comprehension Check Questions Choose the correct answer based on the reading.   1. What do I need to do in my office?   A) relax B) concentrate C) study D) read magazines 2. Which piece of equipment do I NOT have on my desk?   A) fax B) computer C) lamp D) photocopier 3. Where are the pictures of my family located?   A) on the wall B) next to the lamp C) between the computer and the telephone D) near the fax 4. I use the lamp to read:   A) all day B) never C) in the morning D) in the evening 5. Where do I keep the paperclips?   A) on the desk B) next to the lamp C) in a cabinet drawer D) next to the telephone 6. What do I keep on the table in front of the sofa?   A) company reports B) fashion magazines C) books D) industry magazines True or False Decide if the statements are true or false based on the reading.   I work late every night.  I use highlighters to help me remember important information.  I keep reading materials that are not related to my job in the office.  I dont need a lamp to help me read.It is important to me to feel comfortable at work. Using Prepositions Fill each gap with a preposition used in the reading. I have the telephone _____ the fax machine on the right side of my desk.The monitor is directly _____ me.I sit _____ my comfortable office chair.I also have a lamp _____ my computer.I put the stapler, pens, and erasers ______ the drawer.I have a table _____ the sofa.  There are lots of magazines _____ the table. Answers Multiple-Choice B - concentrateD - photocopierC - between the computer and the telephoneD - in the eveningC - in a cabinet drawerD - industry magazines Answers True or False   FalseTrueFalseFalseTrue Answers Using Prepositions next toin front ofonnearinin front ofon Continue reading with these appropriate reading comprehension selections.

The Derivative Of America s Government Essay - 2032 Words

To first understand the derivative of America’s government we need to first understand ourselves, sounds quite simplistic, but to understand ourselves as human beings. This is best articulated in a quote by James Madison, co-founder of our nation and its government, as he stated, â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary.† This is mighty true, but as a freshman prior to taking a political science course in college I was told growing up that a synonym for politician was a magician; one who â€Å"spontaneously† finds a lot of money and is able to strike a deal with someone higher up in his favor. 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Relationship Between Coriolanus and Volumnia in William...

The Relationship Between Coriolanus and Volumnia The speech patterns of Coriolanus reveal the title characters psychological turmoil. Churning with self-doubt about his determination, his relationship with those around him, and his relationship with his mother, Coriolanus is a man at the mercy of his environment. The environment that shapes Coriolanus is the instruction he receives from his mother Volumnia.1 In his relationship with his mother, Coriolanus plays the weak and subservient role. Volumnias treatment of Coriolanus during his childhood and later, when he is an adult, profoundly molds Coriolanus. Even when absent in scenes, Coriolanuss mother acts as an invisible force, shaping Coriolanuss interactions with other†¦show more content†¦Volumnia, unlike the other women in the play such as Virgilia, does not recoil from war and the battlefield. Instead, Volumnia both identifies with the war hero and delights in both his triumphs and his pain. In describing the pride she would gain from her sons deaths in battle, Volum nia separates herself from the other women in the play who want nothing to do with war, I had rather eleven die nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action. (1.3.20-21). Thus the pride that Coriolanus derives from his own wounds and wounded body is a product of his mothers pride in having a wounded son. Volumnia describes with pride Coriolanuss bloody brow, Though you were born in Rome! His bloody brow/ with his mailed hand then wiping (1.3.31-32). The pride that Volumnia procures from her sons victories and injuries winds up reflecting itself on Coriolanus who describes these victories and wounds with equal pride. By the end of the first act, Volumnias descriptions of mothering demonstrate the warlike spirit she has channeled into her raising of Coriolanus. The imagery she uses in Act 1 Scene 3 also separates her from the other women in the play. Volumnia speaks of blood, swords, and death, while women like Virgilia speak of sewing and butterflies. Volumnias speech patterns put her in the commanding position in her relationship with Coriolanus. In Act 5 Scene 3,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Maternity and Masculinity in Macbeth and Coriolanus2837 Words   |  12 PagesMasculinity in Macbeth and Coriolanus The power of womanhood is linked with both maternity and masculinity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Coriolanus; one might say that they are interchangeable. Lady Macbeth becomes the psychologically masculine force over her husband, essentially assuming a maternal role, in order to inspire the aggression needed to fulfill their ambitions. Similarly, in Coriolanus, Volumnia maintains a clear, overtly maternal position over Coriolanus, molding him to be the idealRead MoreEssay on Challenging Gender Roles in English Society2707 Words   |  11 Pagesvalues of the time. Shakespeare, however, challenged the traditional patriarchal values of his time by introducing powerful and highly influential female characters in some of his most memorable plays. Lady Macbeth and her earlier counterpart, Volumnia, both serve pivotal roles as dominant and commanding mother figures and also challenge the traditional role of the dutiful wife. Both of these independent, strong-willed women are far ahead of the times in their approach to marital, maternal, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare : Gay?1123 Words   |  5 Pagesplaying women that they inspired Shakespeare to write those significant female parts. However, it is impossible to avoid talking of homosexuality when two men are snuggling on stage. It was possible that the audience was just regarding any romantic relationship on stage as a subtext for a queer existence: some found it amusing or some might even (knowingly/unknowingly) found it interestingly arousing. Whether or not Shakespeare himself was writing for his own special amusement, he was passive positivelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Most Famous Writers Of All Time1859 Words   |  8 Pagesfamilial relations. William Shakespeare’s major works have survived the test of time due to their relatability, both then and now. Shakespeare, who become one of the most famous writers of all time, was born to Mary, who most likely could neither read nor write, and John Shakespeare. The Bard’s father was, â€Å"highly esteemed by his fellow townspeople, for he held a series of important posts in local government† (Greenblatt 43). Tensions arose in the Shakespe are family when William moved to London to

Role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn Essay - 1119 Words

Honors American Literature 13 December 2012 Role of Jim in Huckleberry Finn During the late 1800’s post civil war, the reconstruction era surfaced in the union. The reconstruction, a political program designed to reintegrate the defeated South into the Union as a slavery-free region, began to fail. The North imposed harsh measures, which only embittered the South. Concerned about maintaining power, many Southern politicians began an effort to control and oppress the black men and women whom the war had freed. At around this time, Mark Twain released his novel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in which a young boy named Huckleberry Finn attempts to flee the South with an escaped slave, Jim. The novel follows the pair on their journey†¦show more content†¦This could be connected to the point where Jim tosses a rag over Pap’s dead body. This rag that Jim places on Pap’s face is a symbol for the exchange of fatherhood over Huck. Jim believed that Huck could be a chance to redeem himself. By covering u p the old father and being the only grown man at the moment of transition, Jim shifts into a state of fatherhood. Jim first displays his fatherly archetype when Jim and Huck come upon the tilted house with the body inside. Twain writes, â€Å"It’s a dead man. Yes, indeedy; naked too. He’s been shot in de back. I reck’n he’s been dead two or three days. Come in, Huck, but doan look at his face - it’s too gashly† (Twain 56). After Jim discovers the dead body, Jim allows Huck to come into the house, but he warns Huck to not look at the body. Huck states that he doesn’t need any warning because he is already disturbed at the dead man, but the next day, Huck wants to talk about the man’s mysterious death. This is unusual for Huck to be so interested in, as he stated earlier that he â€Å"[doesn’t] take no stock in dead people† (Twain 2). At this point, Twain uses Huck’s intuition in the unusual death to point o ut the large significance in it, which Jim also picks up on. When Jim sees paps â€Å"gashly† face, he discerns the fact that there is an open patriarchal position for Huck. Since then, Jim tries to ease into the transition to fatherhood. He does so byShow MoreRelatedPower Roles between Jim and Huck in Mark Twain ´s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn838 Words   |  4 PagesWith Huck and Jim unknowingly fighting to retain power aboard the raft, their friendship becomes stronger even with society’s various attempts to split the two apart. Throughout the book, Huck and Jim switch power roles during their time on the raft. Life on the raft is portrayed as a democracy, but in reality, it is a dictatorship with the in power controlling and influencing all decisions made on the raft. One noticeable occurrence of Jim possessing the power is after Huck and Jim’s separationRead MoreHuckleberry Finn - Thesis1521 Words   |  7 Pages December 2008 Do you think you have role models in your life? Someone you can look up to and say â€Å"I Want to be like him†. 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Season Descriptive Essay Free Essays

Are the birds peacefully hiring, or are the waves violently crashing into shore? Can you smell the salty air? Can you feel the icy breeze striking your face? Your job is to construct an essay about a day during your favorite season in thorough, specific detail. You need to write in a manner that will appeal to your readers. Show significance and meaning of your favorite season throughout your writing piece by providing a vision for your readers, using sentences that show rather than tell, and using details that evoke all of the senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell). We will write a custom essay sample on Season Descriptive Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Try to make an exciting introduction that will hook your reader, and remember that you must end your writing piece appropriately. Point of view: you must write in the FIRST PERSON. Example: The word â€Å"dog† can be interpreted in a variety of different imaginations. Your reader might be thinking of a two-pound, chocolate-brown Chihuahua. Another reader might be imagining a 140-pound, black-and-white-speckled Great Dane. Notice the more precise adjectives? The precise breeds are used as descriptive nouns. In addition to detailed adjectives and nouns, you should also have detailed verbs. Think of the difference between having these two dogs â€Å"interacting† and â€Å"barking playfully† with each other. Requirements: Describe your day during your favorite season in 3-5 paragraphs. Make sure each paragraph is clear and organized. (Include introductory sentence, body, conclusion sentence. ) Write a focused, descriptive essay using precise, unique and vivid detail (be sure to consider all senses). Carefully consider what point you are trying to make about the season and make sure all details are clear to the reader. Title the essay with a unique title that captures the essence of the essay. Ex: A Scorching Summer Day; Blooming into Spring) Face- Focus Correction Areas: As a reminder, Face are items you will be graded on. However, you should still be paying close attention to items such as spelling and grammar. Type these in the upper right hand corner across from your heading. Your Face for this assignment are: Paragraph Structure 120 (Topic sentence, det ailed evidence, conclusion) Figurative Language /30 (At least one of each: simile, metaphor, personification) Imagery (At least two of each: touch, asset, smell, sound, sight) Helpful Tips: Provide purpose for your day during your favorite season writing piece. How to cite Season Descriptive Essay, Essays

Film Overview Remember the Titans Essay Example For Students

Film Overview Remember the Titans Essay In the film, â€Å"Remember the Titans,† a high school football team in Virginia struggles with the intense segregation of the black and white community. Based on a true story, â€Å"Remember the Titans† is modeled after the unforgettable 1971 events that took place in Alexandria, Virginia. Herman Boone, an African-American football coach, was hired to guide an integrated, yet racially polarized, high school team called the T. C. Williams Titans. Part of the controversy stems from the white-skinned assistant coach, Bill Yoast, because he was bypassed for the head position. Its evident in the beginning stages of the story that Bill has feelings of bitterness and resentment for coaching under the authority of a black man. However, the two men realized that they have much in common, such as their integrity, honor, and true passion for the game. They learn to overcome their differences while working together to transform a group of angry, unfocused, and otherwise separated players into a winning team of responsible, respectable, and bonded young men. In the process, the team shows the local community how success can be attained when you work as one unit and the character and soul of a person heavily outweighs the color of their skin. Coach Boone was a man that wanted to make an impact on the community through his controversial team. When he started coaching the Titans he said, â€Å"The best will play, color won’t matter. † This was a sign of equality because each player had the same opportunity to play. Spots were earned through hard work and talent. At first, the two racially divided leaders, Julius Campbell and Garry Bertier, had a lot of disagreements, which effected how they were able to guide their fellow teammates. Julius, an African American player, said, â€Å"Nobody plays. Yourself included. Im supposed to wear myself out for the team? What team? Nah. Nah, what Im gonna do is look out for myself and Ima get mine. † The conversation showed that in the beginning of the season the players had negative attitudes towards each other. At that time, each player only cared about themselves and the players of the similar color, and it took immense efforts for the team to become one. The story somewhat shifts when Boone asks every player to get to know everything about a player of the opposite color. During lunch one day, Louie says, â€Å"I don’t have any people, I’m with everyone†. For the rest of their time at camp working together, playing together, and laughing together unified them. The players made it seem like they could conquer anything together because they created such a strong bond. When the team returns back from camp, they are greeted with angry protestors. With the outside world telling the boys they should not be together, the team slowly slips apart. Sunshine tries to get Peety and Rev into a bar of only white folks, but when they enter the bar, the owner refuses to give them services because of their race. This demonstrated how the south was: completely segregated. Garry wants to introduce Julius to his mother, but she will not allow it because he is black. Garry was persistent in that the two meet, so his mother eventually allows Julius to come over for dinner. He welcomes her with a pick up hug, which this alarms her. Garry also tries to get Emma, his girlfriend, to meet Julius, but she walks away as Julius puts out his hand to shake hers. When the Titans are playing for the state championship and Emma realizes that Julius will be in Garry’s life, she accepts this and makes extra efforts for them to finally meet. .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .postImageUrl , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:hover , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:visited , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:active { border:0!important; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:active , .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3 .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf996f56d9add3cb8f2beb91e673e02c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pirates of Silicon Valley SummaryCoach Boone and Coach Yoast shaped these boys into men through football. But the true and genuine message of the story is the incredible achievement of integrating black and whites to form a united brotherhood. Though this was not easy, and there was a lot of controversy, the team and coaches were able to show the community what equality really is. It was not about black or white; it was about unification, integration and acceptance, which is an overarching message that is incredibly powerful.

Corporation and Data Warehousing Supports free essay sample

1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). We will write a custom essay sample on Corporation and Data Warehousing Supports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings. 1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings. 1. Go to teradatastudentnetwork. com and find the paper titled â€Å"Data Warehousing Supports Corporate Strategy at First American Corporation† (by Watson, Wixom, and Goodhue). Read the paper and answer the following questions: a. What were the drivers for the DW/BI project in the company? b. What strategic advantages were realized? c. What operational and tactical advantages were achieved? d. What were the critical success factors (CSF) for the implementation? 2. Go to fico. com. Use the information there to identify five problems in different industries and five problems in different functional areas that can be supported by ADS. 3. Go to sap. com and oracle. com. Find information on how ERP software helps decision makers. In addition, examine how these software products use Web technology and the Web itself. Write a report based on your findings.

How to Create a Character Profile

How to Create a Character Profile How to Create a Character Profile How to Create a Character Profile By Ali Hale Have you created character profiles for the main cast of your novel? While not all authors use character profiles, many find them a very handy tool for keeping track of their characters – and for developing and fleshing out those characters in the first place. Done well, a character profile can help you harness your creativity and really dig into who your characters are.   Sometimes, though, writers treat character profiles as a form-filling exercise, coming up with their character’s eye color, hair color, first job, etc without investing any of this with a deeper meaning. They might diligently complete character profiles for every character in their novel – even the bus driver who only has a walk-on part in chapter five – but they’re not any closer to having any real insight into their characters. So what should go in your character profile and how should you use it? What to Include in a Character Profile Firstly, not every character in your novel needs a profile at all. Characters who have a minor role (like your protagonist’s mother, who only appears briefly a couple of times) don’t need to be fully fleshed out. Of course, you might want to make some brief notes about them but this definitely doesn’t need to be an entire profile. Your main characters, though, should have individual profiles. That probably includes any viewpoint character. If you have an antagonist then it’s worth creating a profile for them too (after all, even if your main character just doesn’t get where the antagonist is coming from,  you  should). It’s entirely up to you how you structure your character profiles. In general, though, I’d suggest that: You don’t focus too much on physical details. You may want to include things like hair color and eye color if you’re ever likely to mention them – but you can leave them out if they’re not going to be relevant. The same goes for height and build: unless they’re unusual and significant, you don’t necessarily need them at all. If you are including physical details, think about how they relate to deeper aspects of your character. For instance, in Harry Potter, the fact that Harry has green eyes is significant because it’s the physical characteristic that links him to his mother. You spend some time exploring deeper questions about your character: things like what’s the mistake they regret most? or in what situations would they lie? or what false beliefs do they hold? These sort of questions will result in a much richer, more real character than a simple list of physical characteristics. The first ebook I ever bought online, back in around 2007, was Holly Lisle’s Create a Character Clinic. This is still one of my favorite resources for character creation: it goes far beyond the typical character questionnaire to dig deep into what really makes characters tick (and it includes lots of examples, too). If you’re using a template or questionnaire that you’ve found online, don’t feel that you need to complete every single part of it – especially if it’s a long one! Focus on the bits that are most impactful or that help you to imagine your character more fully: if you do decide to fill in the rest, you can simply do it at a later stage. Don’t get hung up on creating the â€Å"perfect† character profile before you begin writing – because it’ll almost certainly change as you go along. Which brings me on to Why Your Character Profile Will Need Updating Regularly If you create your character profiles during the pre-writing phase of your novel, you’ll almost certainly find that your understanding of your character shifts as you write the first draft. Perhaps the thing you  thought  they sincerely regretted from their past turns out to be something they’re actually quite proud of – at least initially. Perhaps you realize that it makes much more sense for them to have grown up somewhere rural, not in a city. Perhaps you change them radically: maybe you merge two characters together, or you change a character’s gender or age. (Or their name: a lot of my characters end up changing names part-way through the writing process as I figure out a name that’s a better fit.) Your character profile definitely isn’t set in stone. It’s fine to change your mind and rework it – but do make sure that you actually update it to reflect the changes you’ve made during the writing process. Otherwise, it can be very confusing several chapters later when you want to bring a character back in but you can’t now remember if they’re supposed to be 35 or 25, or whether they’re tall with dark brown hair or short with strawberry blonde hair. Character profiles can be a great tool for creating and fleshing out interesting characters for your novel; they’re also a useful working document that you can use to help you stay on track and keep things consistent during the writing process. If you’ve never created a character profile before, why not give it a go today? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesBetween vs. In BetweenThe Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor

Biography of Edmund Cartwright, English Inventor Edmund Cartwright (April 24, 1743–October 30, 1823) was an English inventor and clergyman. He patented the first power loom- an improved version of the handloom- in 1785 and set up a factory in Doncaster, England, to manufacture textiles. Cartwright also designed a wool-combing machine, an instrument for making rope, and a steam engine powered by alcohol. Fast Facts: Edmund Cartwright Known For: Cartwright invented a power loom that improved the speed of textile production.Born: April 24, 1743 in Marnham, EnglandDied: October 30, 1823 in Hastings, EnglandEducation: University of OxfordSpouse: Elizabeth McMac Early Life Edmund Cartwright was born on April 24, 1743, in Nottinghamshire, England. He graduated from Oxford University and married Elizabeth McMac at the age of 19. Cartwrights father was the Reverend Edmund Cartwright, and the younger Cartwright followed in his fathers footsteps by becoming a clergyman in the Church of England, serving initially as the rector of Goadby Marwood, a village in Leicestershire. In 1786, he became a prebendary (a senior member of the clergy) of  Lincoln Cathedral (also known as St. Marys Cathedral)- a post he held until his death. Cartwrights four brothers were also highly accomplished. John Cartwright was a naval officer who fought for political reforms to the British Parliament, while George Cartwright was a trader who explored Newfoundland and Labrador. Inventions Cartwright was not only a clergyman; he was also a prolific  inventor, though he didnt begin experimenting with inventions until he was in his 40s. In 1784, he  was inspired to create a machine for weaving after he visited inventor Richard Arkwrights cotton-spinning mills in Derbyshire. Although he had no experience in this field and many people thought his ideas were nonsense, Cartwright, with the help of a carpenter, worked to bring his concept to fruition. He completed the design for his first power loom in 1784 and won a patent for the invention in 1785. Although this initial design was not successful, Cartwright continued to make improvements to subsequent iterations of his power loom until he had developed a productive machine. He then established a factory in Doncaster to mass produce the devices. However, Cartwright had no experience or knowledge in business or industry so he was never able to successfully market his power looms and primarily used his factory to test new inventions. He invented a wool-combing machine in 1789 and continued to improve his power loom. He secured another patent for a weaving invention in 1792. Bankruptcy Cartwright went bankrupt in 1793, forcing him to close his factory. He sold 400 of his looms to a Manchester company but lost the remainder when his factory burned down, possibly due to arson committed by handloom weavers who feared they would be put out of work by the new power looms. (Their fears would eventually prove to be well-founded.) Bankrupt and destitute, Cartwright moved to London in 1796, where he worked on other invention ideas. He invented a steam engine powered by alcohol and a machine for making rope, and helped Robert Fulton with his steamboats. He also worked on ideas for interlocking bricks and incombustible floorboards. Improvements to Power Loom Cartwrights power loom needed some improvements, so several inventors took on the challenge. It was improved upon by Scottish inventor William Horrocks, the designer of the variable speed batton, and also by American inventor  Francis Cabot Lowell. The power loom was commonly used after 1820. When it became efficient, women replaced most men as weavers in textile factories. Although many of Cartwrights inventions were not successful, he was eventually recognized by the House of Commons for the national benefits of his power loom. The legislators awarded the inventor a prize of 10,000 Britsh pounds for his contributions. In the end, despite Cartwrights power loom being highly influential, he received little in the way of a financial reward for it. Death In 1821, Cartwright was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He died two years later on October 30, 1823, and was buried in the small town of Battle. Legacy Cartwrights work played a pivotal role in the evolution of textile production. Weaving was the last step in textile production to be mechanized because of the difficulty in creating the precise interaction of levers, cams, gears, and springs that mimicked the coordination of the human hand and eye. Cartwrights power loom- though flawed- was the first device of its kind to do this, accelerating the process of manufacturing all kinds of cloth. According to the Lowell National Historical Park Handbook,  Francis Cabot Lowell,  a wealthy Boston merchant,  realized that in order for America to keep up with Englands textile production, where successful power looms had been in operation since the early 1800s, they would need to borrow British technology. While visiting English  textile mills, Lowell memorized the workings of their power looms (which were based on Cartwrights designs), and when  he returned to the United States, he recruited a master mechanic named Paul Moody to help him recreate and develop what he had seen. They succeeded in adapting the British design  and the machine shop established at the Waltham mills by Lowell and Moody continued to make improvements in the loom. The first American power loom was constructed in Massachusetts in 1813. With the introduction of a dependable power loom, weaving could keep up with spinning as the American textile industry was underway. The power loom allowed the wholesale manufacture of cloth from ginned cotton, itself a recent innovation of  Eli Whitney. Though primarily known for his inventions, Cartwright was also an esteemed poet. Sources Berend, Ivn. An Economic History of Nineteenth-Century Europe: Diversity and Industrialization. Cambridge University Press, 2013.Cannon, John Ashton.  The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press, 2015.Hendrickson, Kenneth E., et al.  The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History. Rowman Littlefield, 2015.Riello, Giorgio.  Cotton: the Fabric That Made the Modern World. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

E-Business Resit Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Business Resit Coursework - Essay Example The adoption of e–business is not restricted to any particular industry or particular company. From high tech aerospace industry to the farming industry, several companies of various sizes are conducting e–business activities at present. The paper will analyze the impact of internet and other digital technology in the supply chain process of retail industry (Jorge, 2008). The company chosen for retail industry is Topshop, a retail apparel company of the UK. It is a brand of Arcadia Group, a retailing giant of the UK. Topshop had earned its uniqueness through its own marketing strategies, retailing methods and online businesses (Topshop, n.d.). Impact of Internet on Supply Chain Process The impact of internet and digital technology in the market and within the general business performances are significant. In retail industry of the UK, the direct business system through internet had been applied by many companies. With regard to Topshop, it allows customers to choose any product through website and sell products without heavily depending on third–party distributors. The e– business of Topshop also assures convenience and cost cutback (Levi & Et. Al., 2004). A retail company such a Topshop is very successful in developing internet business model that let it to increase revenue radically and capture the market. According to Topshop, it sold almost 30 brace of knickers per minute, 500 brace of legging per hour and 6000 brace of jeans per day in the year 2006. The internet acts as a driver for business alteration (Rushton, 2007). The supply chain process is often viewed as a tactical asset as it has the strength to make a difference and develop sustainable advantage in the competitive economy. Presently, several new business enterprises had appeared to have complete advantage of the e–business e.g. ‘drop shipping’ which had rapidly gained reputation among retailers. In this system, an e–tailor takes order for pr oduct and provides the producer or distributor opportunity to send the product to the purchaser. In this system, the e–tailor does not possess any stock. Through the alteration of conventional supply chain process, the ‘drop shipping’ system helps to transfer the inventory management related difficulties to the producers (Feng, 2008). Impact of Internet on Retail Sector The retail industry had reacted lately to the competition from e–business environment and to identify the prospects offered by the internet. In recent times, the scene has changed, as many retail companies such as Topshop had introduced internet shopping to their offerings. Topshop knows the benefit they can have by entering into e-business. TopShop has its own virtual trade store and it services the products by its existing storehouse and supply chain network. High quantity products, whose demand is balanced with the supply on the basis of long-term estimation, are stocked in stores. In ca se of low quantity products, the storing is done centrally for the purpose of internet marketing. The products which are purchased online have high volatility of demand, thus the centralised stocking helps to

Overview of Information Systems and Technology Essay

Overview of Information Systems and Technology - Essay Example This paper presents a detailed overview of business management technologies for Riordan Manufacturing. Riordan Manufacturing Corporation is now expanding and, as a result, it requires an excellent information technology based support for better management of its business. In fact, information technology based solution (i.e. information system) is the only choice for this kind of business management. This paper outlines specifications of the new information system for Riordan Manufacturing. Business Technology Needs and Solutions Riordan Manufacturing requires an information technology based solution to effectively manage its business operations. The company has different offices located at different locations. The business desires to expand the company’s IT infrastructure by setting up the IT system in new office. The business also requires new technology based systems connectivity to main business head office. For this purpose they need a web based technology that could allow them to assess and manage the business using internet. In this paper, we suggest Riordan Manufacturing to implement a corporate management information system. This kind of information system offers an excellent support for the management of corporate operations and working. In addition, this business also needs to implement a secure communication arrangement. This business network for online communication and collaboration will be a Virtual Private Network (VPN). Management Information System Management information system (MIS) is a combination of software and hardware utilized to handle and process corporate data and information automatically. In fact, a management information system is implemented inside an organization to allow many individuals to access data and information simultaneously. In addition, the MIS mostly works behind the scenes, and the client community is infrequently concerned or even aware of the procedures that are handled by the system (Schauland, 2012; Stair & Reynolds, 2003). MIS at Riordan Manufacturing This section of the paper discusses various uses of a management information system with respect to the business of Riordan Manufacturing. The business can implement an information system to allow its customers to place orders online. In addition, this system also offers an excellent support for the online payment of the bills for instance when a bill is planned to be paid. In this scenario, an MIS will offer us data and information intended for the system to perform against specified plan of payment. The MIS then performs operations according to the payment plan when the suitable date comes near. Additionally, the computerized process will be performed by the information system to disburse the bill as demanded. Moreover, when the bills inside an online bill payment system are planned can be automatically paid, and clients do not need to offer additional details and information. For Riordan Manufacturing Corporation, MIS will offer an excellent support for managing and updating staff details and also their preferred processes to maintain existing systems and applying new technologies inside the firm. An information system can also be used to manage the information regarding available stock. In this scenario,

Management theories applied to a UK Restaurant

Management theories applied to a UK Restaurant There are a lot of foreign restaurants have opened in UK in this years and these restaurants are growing popular both with UK nationals and foreign visitors to the UK. I am working as an assistant manager restaurant called Smith. This business is the family business and they are thinking about extending and developing a chain of restaurants across the UK like other foreign companies. The owner and manager, Mr Smith is himself a foreigner who has lived in the UK for many years. His family in Africa operates a chain of restaurants business across the African countries and therefore he is very familiar with this kind of business. Introduction Smiths restaurant is located in central London and close to many attractions and easily accessible by public transport. The restaurant has seen a big increase in sale due to the popularity of European and International cuisines. According to these factors Mr Smith want to open the similar restaurants across the UK. Gather Information The restaurant is currently using the typical hierarchical structure. Mr Smith is the owner and also the managing director. He had two assistants and three supervisors but he direct control over management and operational issues such as the hiring of staff, marketing and sales promotion. . Mr Smith Managing Director Staff Staff Staff Assistant Manager Assistant Manager Staff Supervisor Supervisor There are small accounting and finance department headed by Mr Smiths son Peter. He is currently studying for a degree in accounting and only works part time. Mr Smith himself takes some of the duties in this department too. Centralization and Decentralization Mr Smith restaurant is now in centralization structure an it have several layers of management that control the company by maintaining a high level of authority, which is the power to make decisions concerning business activities. With a centralized structure, line-and-staff employees have limited authority to carry something out without prior approval. The top management telling middle management and then tells supervisors. Then the supervisors tell the staffs what to do and how to do it. In this case Mr Smith has to think about the decentralization policy to change in business extension plan. Decentralization seeks to eliminate the unnecessary levels of management and to place authority in the hands of assistant managers and supervisor. Although that policy helps Mr Smith some part of the duties, its increasing the span of control, with more employees reporting to one manager. Because more employees are reporting to a single manager than before, the managers are forced to delegate more work and to hold the employees more accountable. Tall and Flat structure There is other structure to look at for the Mr Smith business plan. A tall structure is the structure which Mr Smith using it now. A tall structure is one with many levels from the top management level to the operating level. A tall structure usually implies a narrow span of control for supervisors and managers and a greater degree of devolved decision-making, but requires many more supervisory and managerial staff. It also leads to the long vertical communication, and possibly to weaker communication between top management and staffs. In a tall structure the hierarchy is generally problems of coordination are always present. Nowadays many large corporations have set about reducing their hierarchy in order to introduce a flatter structure. The flat structure contains fewer levels between the top and bottom of the organisation. The result for the using this structure is a few supervisor and management staff, and wider spans of control for those who remain. This structure leads to more centralised decision-making. However, to avoid this increasing centralization by encourage all the levels of staff carry greater personal responsibility for their role and duty. Organisational Culture Organisational culture affects behaviour through a deep-rooted system of values, attitudes and beliefs. Culture is specific to the organisation and is learned behaviour. Different organisations have a different feel or climate that reflects their culture. This may be reflected in the degree of formality and task or people orientation; the dress code; accepted behaviours and expected performance levels. Charles Handy (1985) looking at culture which used to link to organizational structure to organizational culture. He describes four types of culture; A Power Culture which concentrates power among a few. Control radiates from the center like a web. Power Cultures have few rules and little bureaucracy; swift decisions can ensue. In a Role Culture, people have clearly delegated authorities within a highly defined structure. Typically, these organizations form hierarchical bureaucracies. Power derives from a persons position and little scope exists for expert power. By contrast, in a Task Culture, teams are formed to solve particular problems. Power derives from expertise as long as a team requires expertise. These cultures often feature the multiple reporting lines of a matrix structure. A Person Culture exists where all individuals believe themselves superior to the organization. Survival can become difficult for such organizations, since the concept of an organization suggests that a group of like-minded individuals pursue the organizational goals. Some professional partnerships can operate as person cultures, because each partner brings a particular expertise and clientele to the firm. (P1, P2) Organisational behaviour and management theories Organisational behaviour is a term applied to the systematic study of the behaviour of individual within work groups, including an analysis of the nature of groups, the development of structure between and within group, and the process of implementing change. The rationale of organisational behaviour is to predict or control individual and group behaviour in the pursuit of management goals, which may or may not be shared throughout the organisation. Organisational behaviour also includes in many areas what might be called management theory. Management theory is especially concerned with issues of goal-setting, resource-deployment, employee motivation, team-work, leadership, control, coordination, and performance measurement. Management theory has been approached form a number of different perspective, each identifying problematic issues and usually, proposing a range of possible solutions. These are some of the management groupings as follows; Human Relations Theorists Perspective Typical Issues Exponents Dates social, ie attention to peoples social needs at work Group identity Workers as members of a group Importance of informal groups Elton Mayo Roethlisbeger Dickson 1927-36 Social Psychological School Perspective Typical issues Exponents Dates Individual needs and motivation Acknowledgement of individual contribution Individual needs Personal motivators Self-actualisation Achievement Individual independence Supportive relationships Abraham Maslow Douglas McGregor F.Herzberg R.Likert C.Argyris D.McClelland 1950s 1960s Leadership theorists Perspective Typical issues Exponents Dates Leadership qualities and style Nature of the qualities Leadership styles Situational/ functional aspects of leadership Contingency approach D. McGregor Tannenbaum/Schmidt C.Argyris Blake/Mouton F.E Fiedler Victor Vroom John Adair W.Reddin 1950s 1960s 1960s 1970s Improvements in work performance and effectiveness are depending how excellence in management processes. It is important for managers to understand behaviour in a number of areas. Attitudes: dynamic change in the environment demands rapidly change form organisations and this means their behaviour must change. Employee attitudes to change are often resistant since people feel more secure with the familiar and habitual. They are naturally apprehensive and fear they may be disadvantaged by change and worry they may not be able to learn new skills. For this problem manager must understand the attitudes and perceptions of their employees and respond proactively to reduce resistance for change. This might involve open communication action, participation in the change process and attention to a new wage work bargain. Motivation: is the most importance in the organisation achieving the goals. Managers must not only understand the needs that drive employee behaviour, they must appreciate the processes involved in making motivation effective in improving performance. Needs may vary with the individuals level in the organisational hierarchy and what might be effective with one individual might not be with another. Having the right equipment, people skills and organisational framework is not a guarantee of excellent performance. Employees and managers must be motivated to achieve organisational goals. Communication: organisations depend on receiving and transmitting information to achieve the co-ordination necessary to achieve their goals. Managers must understand this behaviour if they are to ensure a communication process that allows a clear, understandable and fast transmission of information to support decision making without unnecessary distortion or noise. Human nature also leads to extensive informal communications that do not follow the chain of command. Conflict: when negative, this can inhibit the achievement of organisational goals and adversely affect morale and performance. Managers have to understanding of organisational behaviour will appreciate that conflict can be positively correlated with goal achievement where it releases tensions, stimulates ideas or challenges the status quo. Manager also needs to recognise the behaviour signs of negative conflict and understand the mean by which this type of conflict may be resolved. (P4) Motivational theories There are a lot of motivation theories for Mr Smith business plan. These are some theories which are suitable for Mr Smith business plan. A motive is a need or a driving force within a person. The process of motivation involves choosing between alternative forms of action in order to achieve some desired end or goal. Mr Smith is now using the Theory X and Y style (stick and carrot) form Mc Gregor scientific management. Theory X makes the assumption that the average human being has an: Inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible, Is lazy Wishes to avoid responsibility, Has relatively little ambition Wants security above all This is the person should use the stick. They have to controlled, directed and threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort towards the achievement of organisational goals. Theory Y makes the following general assumptions: Work can be as natural as play and rest. People will be self-directed to meet their work objectives if they are committed to them. People will be committed to their objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfilment Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. This is the person should use the carrot. They have their personal goals and the motivator has to fulfill their quest with organisational goals together. Victor Vroom Expectancy theory The best known contribution to the process theory of motivation is the work on expectancy models of motivation developed by Victor Vroom. Vroom believes that people will be motivated to do things to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of that goal and if they can see that what they do will help them in achieving it. Peoples motivation toward doing anything is the product of the anticipated worth that an individual places on a goal and the chances of achieving that goal. It may be stated as: From the Vroom theory, Mr Smith has to motivate the employees by the individual goal and chances of achieve the goal. Mr Smith has to show the employees the goal is clear and it is worth to reach that goal. He is trying to increased activity from reduce the staff lunch breaks from one hour to thirty minutes. He argues that he pays his employees very well and they will have to be happy with whatever decisions he made. Mr Smith is using the one of the motivation theory called Herzberg motivation Theory. Herzberg that monetary methods of motivation have little value; firms still use money as a major incentive. There are a variety of payment systems that a business could use to motivate the employees. Advantage Simple and easy to use for businesses Disadvantage Workers may resent being paid the same as a colleague who they feel is not so productive These are the some of the motivation theories for Mr Smith business extension plan to cover. Mr Smith has to look at the monetary methods is not the only solution in organisation, there are so many theories to motivate the employees and always aware of the individual goals of the staffs, then to get the organisational goals with fulfil their wish. (P7) Empowerment Empowerment is like delegation. It is when power or authority is given to employees so they can make their own decisions regarding their working life. Mr Smith should think about the empowerment in future business plan that will also improve in motivation of employees and help in chain organisation. Thats why Mr Smith must use the right management style and structure in his future business extension plan. Blake and Moultons managerial grid There are a lot of management theories using in business organisation these days. This is the one of the management theory which can help Mr Smith business plan. 1.1 Impoverished management- shows a minimum of concern for either people or production. This type of manager exerts just the minimum effort to get the work done and has little interest in his or her subordinates. 9.1 Task Oriented management- is concerned only with the work and has little interest in people. Efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree. 5.5 middle of the road- management- balances the necessity to produce with maintaining morale at a satisfactory level in order to achieve adequate organisational performance. 1.9 The country club style- management is all about the people and shows little concern for getting the work done. Thoughtful attention is paid to the needs of the staff for satisfying relationships, leading to a comfortable, friendly atmosphere and work tempo. This is sometimes called country club management. 9.9 Team management- is seen as the ideal. The manager gets the work accomplished by committed people. He or she tries to provide a situation where workers and the organisations goals are the same and this interdependence through a common stake in the organisation leads to relationships based on trust and respect. Blake and Moulton considered that all managers should strive to attain 9.9 on the grid, with training being directed to this end. (P8) Effective Teamwork in Organisation -Teams have been described as collections of people who must rely on group collaboration if each member is to experience the optimum of success. -A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. Team success due to: Synergy: 2+2=5 Co-operation increases efficiency, quality, and commitment Atmosphere created by cohesive groups encourages participation Communication and good leadership help to maintain rapport Mr Smith has to look at in the area of teamwork in his future business plan. Teamwork is one of the most important facts in organisation. Without teamwork any organisation couldnt cope in critical situation. These are some effective team development process; Wilemon and Thamhain have developed a model, which they refer to as a multidimensional framework, to guide the project team-development process. This team-development model indicates that the team-development process is composed of the following tasks and goals: Recruiting of team members Climate setting for team development Goal setting Role clarification Procedure development Decision-making Control Using the effective team development in organisation Mr Smith can easily manage from head office to overseas of the chain of restaurants. (P10) Finding and Analysis Management Management is a structured process involving planning, organising, directing, co-ordinating and controlling a range of resources, to achieve pre-determined objectives. THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT The classical school was effectively the first coherent set of theoretical perspectives about organisation and management. It arose at the end of the last century as the early writers sought to make sense of the newly emerging large-scale business organisations. They focused on: Purpose and Structure: The approach centres on understanding the purpose of an organisation and then examining its structure. Operations: The next level of focus is on the operations which have to be undertaken within an organisation to meet the objectives. Groupings of functions: This is followed by the logical groupings of functions to form individual jobs, sections, departments and so on. Span of control: Special care is taken over the span of control within management. Co-ordination is affected by clear hierarchies which identify authority, responsibility and accountability, and by duties being clearly specified for each post. Efficiency: A key emphasis in all of this is a belief in the efficiency of specialisation of labour individuals being responsible for one particular task to the exclusion of others, and thus being able to build up expertise in that task and contribute to the greater efficiency of the whole. F .W Taylor and the Scientific School In 1911, Frederick W Taylors book the Principles of Scientific Management was published and, with it, management as a separate field of study started. The main elements of this view of management are: The detailed and careful analysis of all processes and tasks within the organisation to identify each component part; The review of all routines and working methods, using (principally) time and motion studies now called work study to find the best way to do the job; The standardisation of all working methods, equipment and procedures, so that the precise way in which each task should be done can be laid down and monitored; The scientific selection and training of workers who would then become first-class at their particular jobs; The introduction of payment on a piecework basis, which would both be an incentive to maximise productivity and produce high wages for the workers, although there would be penalties for falling below the prescribed standard a fair days pay for a fair days work in Taylors words. HUMAN RELATIONS SCHOOL This began through the work of G Elton Mayo (1880-1949) who, with others, conducted a series of experiments at the Hawthorne plant of the General Electric Company in Chicago during the years 1927-32. Mayo sought to evaluate the effects of the changes in physical working conditions, which, according to scientific management, should cause significant variations in productivity. Thus lighting, noise levels, etc. were adjusted and resulting output changes noted. The researchers concluded that group relationships and management worker communication were far more important in determining employee behaviour than were physical conditions and the working practices imposed by management. Also, wage levels were not the dominant motivating factor for most workers. Further research established the following propositions of the human relations school. Employee behaviour depends primarily on the social and organisational circumstances of work. Leadership style, group cohesion and job satisfaction are major determinants of the outputs of the working group. Employees work better if they are given a wide range of tasks to complete. Standards set internally by a working group influence employee attitudes and perspectives more than standards set by management. Starbucks coffee company: believes that their employees are one of their important assets in that their only sustainable advantage is the quality of their workforce. They have accomplished building a national retail company by creating pride in the labour produced through an empowering corporate culture, exceptional employee benefits, and employee stock ownership programs. The culture towards employees is laid back and supportive. Employees are empowered by management to make decisions without management referral and are encouraged to think of themselves as a part of the business. Management stands behind these decisions. Starbucks has avoided a hierarchical organizational structure and has no formal organizational chart. Starbucks Company basically use the Human Relationship management by Elton Mayo to become success retail company in the world wide. KFCs Fried Chicken Restaurant: strategy of KFC is currently working with is to improve operating efficiencies. This in turn can directly impact the operating profit of the firm. In 1989, KFC centered on elimination of overhead costs and increased efficiency. This reorganization was in the U.S. operations and included a revision of KFCs crew training programs and operating standards. They emphasized customer service, cleaner restaurants, faster and friendlier service, and continued high-quality products. In 1992, KFC continued with reorganization in its middle management ranks. KFCs is using the middle management style form Blake and Moultons managerial grid. It is also help the KFCs company to one of the famous restaurant around the world. Mr Smith himself has to choose the right management style and practice in his future business to become a successful organisation around the world. Above information will give Mr Smith to right decision to choose management style for his future business plan. (P5) An individual at work is seemed by other in three principal ways: As a physical person having gender, age, race and size characteristics; As a person with a range of abilities (intellectual, physical and social); As a personality (ie; someone is having a particular kind of temperament). In these three of factors personality of individual must have to look at in every organisation. Personality types are great effective in organisation when we look at in leadership, group and teamwork etc; in such areas. Personality those relatively stable and enduring aspects of an individual that distinguish him/her from other people and at the same time form the basis for our predictions concerning his/her behaviour (Wright et al., 1970) These are the factors impact on the Personality of individuals; Genetic factors there is significant evidence to suggest that our genetic inheritance plays a role in developing our personality. Children, especially twins, are observed to inherit common family traits. Also our physical attributes, which are all genetically determined, may influence how others treat us and may in turn affect how we view ourselves. Social factors these are the factors that could influence personality as a result of interacting with other people. Socialisation is the process of being taught how to behave and how to feel by family, friends and other significant people within a social setting. Humans are social animals and so it is to be expected that social interaction will affect our personality and behaviour.. Cultural factors these are wider social beliefs and values that are absorbed by an individual, and guide behaviour towards that which is acceptable within a social context. This varies across cultures with Americans exhibiting a strong need to achieve whereas in Japan there is an equally strong need to support the team. Situational factors these reflect the effects of specific experiences or situations on a persons feelings and behaviour. There will have been certain events in your life that have had a significant effect on you. Bereavement may literally change the whole personality of an affected person. A persons personality might also change if his or her role changes, e.g. being sent to prison. Because people have different personalities, managers must consider the following work behaviour in organisation: The compatibility of an individuals personality with his task different personality types fit different types of work and this most be taken into consideration when allocating work The compatibility of an individuals personality with the systems and management culture of the organisation some people hate to be controlled whiles others seek active supervision and control. Managers must be aware of these when adopting a particular style of management. The compatibility of an individuals personality with that of others in the team personality clashes are often the major cause of conflict at work and this must be considered when forming teams. (P3) Leadership in Organisation Leadership is a process by which individuals are influenced so that they will be prepared to participate in the achievement of organisational or group goals. It is the role of the leader to obtain the commitment of individuals to achieving these goals. Formal leaders are those appointed to positions within a hierarchy in the organisational structure. The informal leader may exercise appreciable influence within a workgroup. Although not necessarily in a post with any formal authority, and thus unable to issue formal instructions and directives, such a person may initiate action through friends or colleagues, or block action, in conflict with the formal leaders wishes. There are number of different approaches to leadership. Mullins provides a framework within which to analyse and understand the complexities of the subject. It embraces the following approaches: Traits- views leaders as born and not made due to inherited characteristics personality focus. Functions- focus on what leaders do (roles and responsibilities) assumes they can be learnt. Behaviour- concentrates on how leaders behave and influence subordinates and is linked to style. Style- combines functions and behaviour to produce alternative effects on subordinates; Contingency- Situational theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variable. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making. Situational- based on the recognition that different styles are required in different situations. All these leadership approaches are using in the today business organisation. Mr Smith has to look at the most effective and suitable for his future business plan. For leaders to be effective, they must be able to perform the following functions or roles: An executive co-ordinating group activities and developing norms and policies; A planner deciding the means by which goals will be achieved; An expert source of key information and specialised skills; A figurehead representative of the group, and communications link; An exemplar setting standards and expectations and providing a unified front; An arbitrator resolving conflicts; A father figure a focus for group feelings; An ideologist setting standards of behaviour. According to Mr Smith business plan, he must look at the Professor Adairs action-centred leadership. The model is where task, group and individual needs are interconnected in the context of total leadership. According to him an effective leader is a leader who is able to: Satisfy task needs the leader ensures that the purpose, i.e. completion of the task, is fulfilled. The leadership function includes setting objectives, planning and allocation of resources, setting standards and control to ensure achievement. Satisfy group needs until the task is completed the group has to be held together; the leader must maintain team spirit and build morale, be a spokesperson, motivation communicate and maintain discipline Satisfy individual needs each member of a group or team has individual needs and the leader should try to ascertain these needs and work towards satisfying them as far as is possible within the groups needs. If Mr Smith can use this leadership style in organisation, it will be beneficial to all level in his future business organisation. (P6) The nature of groups and group behaviour within organisation A group comprises two or more individuals who interact in the collective pursuit of a common goal. They share values and goals, are involved in regular activities together, and identify themselves as members of the group and are identified as such by others. In the view of group development process the most accepted is that advanced by Tuckman (1965), which comprises four main stages: Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjoining/Mourning Forming: The group comes together and gets to initially know one other and form as a group. Storming:Â  A chaotic vying for leadership and trialling of group processes Norming: Eventually agreement is reached on how the group operates (norming) Performing: The group practices its craft and becomes effective in meeting its objectives. Tuckman added a 5th stage 10 years later: 5. Adjourning: The process of unforming the group, that is, letting go of the group structure and moving on. In 1996 Cole identified the factors that influence group behaviour in organisation. These are the following factors; Size Leadership and management style Cohesiveness Motivation of group members Norms of groups Group/team roles The environment The group task Learning the nature group and behaviour in organisation, we should also